Dyeing foult of woolen fibers

Dyeing foult of woolen fibers:

Woolen fibers are dyed as most threads, for this, the use of fine dyeing machine or cabinet dyeing machine is used. In this type of coloration the flaws can come down

1. Improper shade

2. Yarn Tendering in thread

3. Felting

4. Shrinkage

5. Retail

6. Washing fastness of colors and not sure in color.

7.  Lights fastness

Improper shade

The main reasons for this are given below.

1. If the wool thread is not properly scanned, then it remains because of which the shed is not found.

2. Even if the immortal pigtails remain alkali in the yarn, the shed is not well.

3. Do not choose sandy colors.

4. Putting large quantities of yarn in the machine for dyeing.

5. Dyeing process is not complete and many times in color and color of chemicals are kept while the temperature is not controlled.

6. p. H. Do not stay right.

7. Extend temperature very fast.

8. If there is more alkaline hardness in the water then this defect may also occur.

9. Hanger in the machine. Dyeing stains before pipe line etc. have to be stained or dyeing in first heavy shed and later dyeing in a light shed.

10. Do not squeeze the threaded threads well.

11. The colors which are not fixed in brightness and lightness, they become faded by sunlight or drying in the dryer.

12. Finding different types of fibers in a thread bundle

13. Switching power during dyeing, the machine stops.

14. The circulation of the color solution in the machine is not well.

Tendering in thread

 The main reasons for this are given below;

1. Selling in the solution of Concentrated liqueur.

2. Staying of sulfuric acid in the currents at the time of carbonizing.

3. To get the right shade again - Due to dyeing also brings this flaw

Felt in thread

In this the thread of the thread decreases and the thread is full. The reasons for this are:

1. The length of the fibers is short, there is a lot of hairiness in the thread. Fibers are very thick. be coarse

2. Use in quantity of dyeing in excess quantity.

3. Reduction in thread.

4. Again - redyeing it again.

Synchronization:

It has been observed that after dyeing the thread is either shrinking or its shape worsens, due to the following:

1. Taking excessive stress

2. Tearing the thread is not right

3. Dyeing at high temperature for long, it becomes Curl in the thread. This can also be due to the threads from different types of woolen fibers.

 Roughness:

This defect is mostly due to the thread:

1. Making thread by mixing different woolen fibers.

2. Elkley's stay in the thread.

No washing & rubbing fastness:

The reasons for this are given below

1. Do not use good colors and chemicals.

2. The colors do not have proper exposure.

3. Dyeing chemicals at different times in the vessel at different temperatures.

4. Failure to absorb the fibers is not well.

5. Do not rush well.

6. Dyed the yarn in more quantity by filling it in the machine.

7. Dyeing in a heavier shed.

8. Topping in the last process, etc.

Lights fastness :

It depends on the following:

1. Do not choose the right colors.

2. Acid color is not very solid in light.

3. Combination of the right colors. Not being

Defects in polyester dyeing

Defects in polyester dyeing:

During the dyeing of the polyester disperse, the defects given below can be found: |

(A) listing

1. Due to non-recovery of heat setting:

If the heat setting is not correct, then the defect may be given below:

(i) Listing of both: Due to this defect there is a difference between the center and the shade on the shore.

(II) Very much in the fabric. Changes in dimension

The above impedance is not unusual heat setting, the heat setting is not complete (Example: the temperature in each chamber is not the same), the temperature is low due to the correct steam, the thickness of the fabric which is to be set in the heat, the heat setting machine speed According to the proportion of mixed fibers in the fabric, the heat setting can not be done due to non-overflowing speed.

Check whether the cloth is properly set is done by checking the below given procedure.

(i) All the sides in the chamber can do the test thermal paper or not.

(ii) 100 cm on cellulose (selvedge) to check the correct over feed Mark a mark and after the heat set, the mark applied to the display is printed. Generally after heat set, it is between 95 to 97 cm. (2% to 5%) but it's over how much over sores. Has been depending on it.

(iii) Determination of Dimensional Stability of Heat Set Cloth. It should be less than 1%.

2. Listing error can occur even if the witching is not good. The main reasons for not batching are given below.

(i) Very baked batch

(ii) Loose weighting

(iii) Clothing at the time of weaving

(iv) The width of uneven fabric width.

3. There is no fault in the mix of different fibers in mixed fabrics, there is no proper twist in the neck. The counting in the hoarse counting can also cause a lingering flaw.

4. Due to occasional defects in the machine (such as in beam dyeing machine) I cause listing defects. The main reasons for this defect are:

(i) The pressure of the flow of fluid inside and outside the inside is not right.

(ii) Leakage of pressure and closing of pores, Dod in pump etc.

 (B) Poor Color Fastness to Washing & Rubbing:

Although dips are very hard to wash and rub, but sometimes. In these, there is a complaint that the colors are not confirmed, some reasons are given below.

(i) To reduce the temperature of the dyeing character, apply the color to the dyeing character. For example, if we are dyeing at 130 degree centigrade and we have to put some colors and then we should reduce the temperature of dyeing otherwise the color will not be caught.

(ii) Dyeing at a temperature below the correct temperature.

(III) Do not insert a dispersing agent.

(IV) To be more prone to clothing (Halriness)

(v) Do not choose the right colors.

(Vi) Thermosol dyeing should have the ability to absorb the colors on the cloth and the curing should be fine with it.

(VII) If the color is not fully exposed during dyeing by carrier method, then there was less hope of coloration and rubbing in color.

(VIII) Being water hardness also reduces the convergence of the colors being fixed.

Problem in getting right shade:

Polyester Differs Getting the right shade during coloring is a lot of hard work. The reason for this is that under 100 degrees, the cloth does not own its own road and it is very difficult to check the shed at 130 degree centigrade, which can result in the following shade flaws.

1. Shade being light

2. Changes in Tone for Shade

3. Do not meet a similar shade.

4. Show whiteness in the shade

5. Forming stains or rings

The reasons for the shortages mentioned above are given below:

1. Career in a large amount of career dyeing.

2. Carrying the carrier down from the optimum temperature or making it dry and dissolve in water

3. Staying steam during carrier dyeing sticks on.

4. Mostly dyeing, in the dyeing machine, the mild sheds are in heavy sheds. If dyeing can be done in a light shade after heavy shade, then the shade can be blamed.

5. If a shade is to be prepared with two or more colors, then it should be noted that the combination of colors is fine.

6. Color should be doled at a little temperature - at very low temperature.

7. During the dyeing, the uneven vertebrates in the temperature can also be the reason for not getting the correct shed.

8. The pH, if not fine, the shade will not get better

9. If shades of different mills have been used while making cloth, then the shade will be uneven after dyeing.

10. If there is oily oil in the cloth, then the shed is not even good.

11. Sometimes the flaw comes from the fault in the machine.

Due to the defects during dyeing:

Due to the defects during dyeing:

Do not prepare fibers or fabrics properly dyeing and printing

1. Uneven heat treatment

2. Absolutely absence of impurities.

3. Sticking to insoluble materials on textiles.

4.The ability of Absorbency not to be properly.

5. Mortising is not right.

6. Sinsing is not right.

7. Don't miss out properly.

8. Humidity (moisture) is not right.

9. Being of dead fibers in clothing or other poor fibers!

10. Staying on the clothes of chemicals after bleaching in clothes.

 

Due to water

1. Higher hardness of water.

2. In the water, there are metallic ions such as iron etc.

3. Drink of water H. (pH) is not right

4. The amount of chlorine in water is high.

5. Any deficiency in water which is harmful

Dummies in color preparation during coloring

1. Do not take the weight properly of colors, textiles and chemicals.

2. Do not fix the proportions of water and water (M: L).

3. Dyeing the colors of concentrates before filing it properly.

4. Buying colors and chemicals from any other shop before which it has been purchased.

 Due to  machines 

1. Dyeing out of color dye during coloring

2.Fixing of equipment that is controlling the temperature, pressure, and machine speed etc. on the machine.

Due to lack of color:

At the time of the use of clothes, it is very necessary to wash most of the color of the clothes, in the light, in the rag, etc. It is also important to see that the colors used in the experiment will not be light in heat setting or other finishing processes. Apart from this, the cloth color should also be fixed in the dyeing

Getting the correct dyeing and printing

Getting the correct dyeing and printing

If we have to get the correct dyeing and printing, then we will be given below.

General Precautions:

1. If we have to get the same shade again, then we have all the conditions dyeing (conditions) such as temperature, time, color concentration. The record of the chemical, substance and water used during the dyeing (M: L ratio) etc. has to be kept.
2. During the dyeing the same chemical should be used, which is required.
3. We should not always use more chemicals than we need.
4. The chemicals used in all colors and colors should be thoroughly diluted in water.

5. Concentration of concentration should be done before putting it in the dyeing machine, otherwise the non-dissolved particles can spoil the color of the cloth by clinging to the fabric.

6. While dyeing the delicate fabric, it should be kept in mind that the newer does not run into the machine much longer, otherwise the pills and rugs will be drawn on such clothes.

7. If the temperature is higher than recommended (recommended) temperature while dyeing then the properties of countries and colors can be damaged.
8. All chemicals and colors that survive in the machine after dyeing should be thrown out or excavated in the drains that follow all the rules of the environment.

Choice of colors

Choosing the right kind of colors is very important for Dyer, not only for selecting colors in the right colors for color, but also selecting the correct colors in that class is very important.
It is also important to know that those made in separate meetings will give different results. Because this color can vary in Purity, particle size etc.

1. Therefore, the selections given below should be kept in mind while selecting colors. What color is to be taken for which fiber and which color to be dyed (such as atomosphiris, pad dech etc.)
2. Fastness of dyes.
3. The leveling property of colors, which tells how the color enters the ratio with ease and its migration properties.
4. What kind of shade (light or heavy) and how does color matching in its different types of light?
5. What is the comparability of different colors, and how different colors of behavior with different chemicals used in dyeing.

6.  What is the cost of colors and chemicals and whether it is easily available in the market. Are. It is also necessary to see that the color and chemicals used in the shade that we want to wear in color are available in our ga odam.

Apart from the above mentioned things there are some other things that are also important:

1. The physical condition of colors and chemicals such as the color that chemicals are in powders or in the eve stage. What is the size of their particles?
2. Solubility and dissolving substances remain stable for how long.
3. If there is a color of mixed clothes and the colors of a fiber do not leave the stains on other fibers.

4. Various shortcomings present in textiles can be found in dyeing or not

Vat dyeing process

Steps to color the cotton fibers with vat colors

Use the steps given below to color the cotton fibers with weight color

1. Reduction
2. Dyeing
3. Oxidation
4. Heat saponification  (Soap at the boil)

Reduction

In this process, weights bring the colors to a soluble state. For this, add the required amount of sodium hydroxide (NOH) color. After that, mixing the reducing agent for the deficiency and increasing the temperature. Most sodium diethoyanite (NA2S2O4), which is known as sodium hydrosulphite or hydro, is used for its process.
The table below is given the method of uptake weight colors.

Dyeing

The scratched material is dyed in the dyeing machine and the temperature increases (60 ° C) (80Fo140 ° F) depending on the type of color depending on the type of color. Ranges are up to the time according to the requirement. As shown in the table • After this, add salt as per requirement.

Oxidation

 Prior to oxidation, the material is washed thoroughly, which is why NaOH and the dehydration chemicals are well drained. Potassium uses dichromate for oxidation. Nowadays Potassium uses hydrogen peroxide instead of Dichromate.

Hot saponification  (Soap at the Boil)

 In this process, the dyed fabrics are thoroughly washed with boiling water of soap so that the color of the cloth does not turn out.
Dyeing in a character (Standing Bath Dyeing):
Because color is not absorbed by the color of the color, so to reduce the cost of coloring, a character dyeing (standing bath) is used in medium and dark shades, especially in the color of black shed. This method should be used to paint only one shade in many lots and dyeing with one color or two or more colors (two or more colors should not be mixed).

In this method, after coloring, the colors and chemicals that survive in the water do not do any harm, they use another lot in the color dyeing.

Vat dye

Vat dye:

Wet colors are insoluble organic matter, which have very few verbs with cellulose. These colors are used when pucca shed is required in every way. This is paramount in the category of pucca colors. These colors are insoluble in water, but these colors dissolve by adding caustic soda and colocrum (hydrosulfite and soda). If the color is not mixed with caustic soda and color cut (hydro) in the coloring suit then the weight will be precipitate. Therefore, color should remain in the color soluble condition before dyeing to verify that the color in the dyeing vessel is completely dissolved)

The color solubility is done by two types of test paper. Which is described below.
1. Phenoiphthalien Paper -. Caustic soda becomes pink in solution.
2. Weights are blue in the presence of piglet paper (hydro)

 If you check with these check-paper, if it is known that caustic soda or color pallet is less in color, then mix these chemicals in a little more quantity, otherwise the shade will get light and tainted. There is no surety of this kind of dress.

Type of vat dye

 Wet colors can be divided on the basis of two methods. These are:
1) Chemical Based
2) Based on Application method

Chemical Based:

1) It contains anthraquinonebad-based weight.
2) The colors in color are indigo.

Based on Application Method:

The color temperature of different wet colored dyeing process varies. On this basis, they have been classified into four classes.
That color
. The square of the eye
                        vat dye
                              ↓
     —————————————

      ↓           ↓            ↓             ↓
   (IK )      (IW )      (IN )      (IN )

 IK class:

 These wet colors come in very low temperature 20 - 30 degrees Centigrade). Hydro and soda are used in low concentrations in colors but it is very essential to add during the process of salt. By mixing salt, the color becomes well exaggerated. In this way, this process is also called cold coloration. Some yellow and orange colors fall into this category

IW Class: 

During this color dyeing, the temperature ranges from 40 to 50 degrees centigrates. Mixing of salt is preferable for medium and thick sheds. Yellow, orange, blue, brown color come in this category.

IN class: 

Most wet colors are related to this class. In this, the temperature is kept at 60 to 65 degree centigrade. There is a large amount of hydro and soda inserted in it. No need to add salt. Blue, gray, green, red etc. are related to it.

IN SPECIAL CLASS: 

This type of dyeing requires a temperature of 65 - 60 degree centigrade. Therefore, it requires a high amount of hydro and soda. There is no need to add salt in it.

Chrome Dyes:

Chrome Dyes:

Chrome colors resemble acidic colors, but after coloring in chrome colors, chromium salt is used as Mordant. Color of wool is very strong in color, with potassium dichromate ,Sodium Bi Chromate etc. are used as motorsants.
Three colors of colored chrome are: •
1 pre-chrome method
2 After Chrome Method
3 chromate method

Prechrome method:

This is a very difficult method. It requires two baths and its color is not very solid. With this method, they first go to potentium dicromate or sodium by comet to the melody. Do this before mordantig dyeing. 
In this, add 2% ammonium sulphate or 1-2% acidic acid or 85% of formic acid, then the machine moves well and the temperature increases to 60%, then slowly the temperature is taken to 100 degree centigrade and this temperature Runs for 60-90 minutes, after which drain water and chemicals and drain them with hot water. 
And chrome is taken to this bath for dyeing.
In this bath already there is a reddish color and the temperature of this bath is 50 to 60 degrees Celsius. The temperature of this bath takes 100 degrees to 30 minutes. And allow to dye at 60-80% at this temperature. After this, the wool is washed with hot water and soap by freeing the hot water and chemicals. To confirm this color, sometimes 0. 0 potassium pikemate can also be inserted into 180 degree Ram.

After chrome method:

In this method the wool is first painted and after that it is moddantigated with the comoam salts (potassium die comet or sodium die chromate). In this process, they are in a dye bath containing 3 to 5 acetic acetic (48) .5 to 10 gobar salt. 15 to 20 minutes, run at 60 degree centigrade. After this, the color of water roamed in two installments at a 15 minute interval and the temperature is taken to 100 degree centigrade in 30 to 40 minutes. Dyeing for 40- 60 minutes at this temperature, 1 to 2% of formic acid or 1.0% to 1.0 sulfuric acid

Or can add 2.0-0.20%. Now the die bath is done at 70 degree centigrade and mix 5% ammonium sulphate or ammonium acetate, so that the color is well leveled.

Now, in this dye bath, 1.90% to 20% potassium dichromate or sodium bikrobeate, and the temperature is 100 ° C in 30 minutes. At this temperature, allow the machine to run for a minute. After this the clothes are washed off by draining water and chemicals.
The biggest hard shade in this method comes due to matching because the method already dyeing is done. So it is difficult to determine what the shade will come after the mortgage.

 Chromate method:

It is an easy method of dyeing, only one dye bath is used in dyeing. In this method, put the color in the dye bath and take the temperature to 50 to 60 degree centigrade and run it in 15 minutes for wool. After this, 1 .04 to 20% potassium hicromate contains sodium bicromate Between 2 .0% to 5 .0%, before the mixed ammonium acetate or ammonium sulphate mix. Instead of ammonium acetate or ammonium sulphate, 0.5% acetic acid (60%) or 0.25% -0.5% tooric acid (85%) can be inserted from 0.75%. After this the temperature is taken to 100 degree centigrade, and dyeing at 60 to 90 minutes at the same temperature. 
After this, by cooling the machine, draining water and chemicals and washing them thoroughly and drying